Definition

Drawdown

Drawdown is the decline from a portfolio’s peak value to a subsequent trough.

Measure downside depth and recovery burden in risk-aware planning.

Last reviewed: 2026-03-03 | Review cycle: 120 days | Next review due: 2026-07-01

How It Works

Drawdown captures loss depth, which affects behavior and future return requirements for recovery.

Large drawdowns can have outsized effects on retirement plans with ongoing withdrawals.

Risk planning should consider both expected return and expected drawdown profile.

Examples

Scenario

Portfolio falls from $200,000 peak to $140,000 trough.

Outcome

Drawdown is 30%, and recovery requires more than 30% gain.

Scenario

Retiree withdraws during drawdown years.

Outcome

Recovery becomes harder because capital base is reduced by both losses and withdrawals.

Entities and Attributes

Entities

  • peak value
  • trough value
  • recovery
  • volatility

Attributes

  • maximum drawdown
  • recovery time
  • risk tolerance

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Frequently Asked Questions

Is drawdown the same as volatility?

No. Volatility measures dispersion; drawdown measures peak-to-trough loss depth.

Why is drawdown critical for retirees?

Withdrawals during drawdowns can permanently damage sustainability.